Violent Video Games Lead to Violence Essay - 1175 Words

In today’s day and age it has been suggested that teens are becoming more violent. Some worry that certain aspects of our technology, including the intenseness of violent video games, are affecting the violence among America’s youth, while others don’t see this as an issue at all. A study done in 2004, Factors Correlated with Violent Video Games Use by Adolescent Boys and Girls, reported that boys in grades seventh and eighth played violent video games to either release their anger or help them relax. According to the suggestion that video games act as a stress reliever, violence in video games should not be blamed for violent behavior. Even though many views about the effect of violent video games are negative, I argue that they don’t†¦show more content†¦Research done on the effect of violent video games also shows that video games increase the ability for humans to process information quickly and make faster decisions. In order for the players to advance and win the games, they have to be able to assess, make decisions, and react quickly. Bell (2013) stated, â€Å"We now have numerous studies on how playing action computer games, as opposed to puzzle or strategy titles such as The Sims or Tetris, leads to an improvement in how well we pay attention, how quickly we react, how sensitive we are to images and how accurately we sort information†(p 2). Whether they’re talking into their headset to other players, shooting people or trying to dodge a bullet, gamers are always multi-tasking. Bell also stated that TV, as well as violence in the news, have been found to have a similar effect. These violent video games not only increase the gamers accuracy of making informed decisions faster than a non-gamer, they also have a direct impact on how gamers interact with and navigate our world. In my personal experience, violent video games have little effect on the gamer’s actions toward violence. Many of my friend s, as well as my brother, play violent video games and aren’t looking to be violent toward the world. My friends say that they play the games because it helps them relieve stress from work or school and the gamesShow MoreRelatedViolent Video Games1485 Words   |  6 PagesHow does violence in video games affect people? Sometimes people think about video games and think oh no big deal but there is a lot that goes into them and they can have different effects on people. Violent video games have the most effect on people and most of them are negative. Educational games tend to have the best effect on people and can help them. Many people argue both sides and do not see them for what they are and think my kids won’t be affected but they will as more articles state andRead More Video Games Violence Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pageschild has played video games once in their lives. There are various genres and types of video games such as action, first person shooters, advent ure, education, role-playing, strategy, and many more. 89% of video games contain some violent content (Slife, 2008). The most addictive, common, and popular video games among children are the violent video games (Slife, 2008). A lot of video games these days depict â€Å"real-life violence† meaning that the settings and plots of these video games are taken fromRead MoreVideo Games : Video Game Violence Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Game Violence Blood and gore, intense violence, strong sexual content, use of drugs. These are just a few of the phrases that the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) uses to describe the content of several games. The future of entertainment revolves around technology. Along with the evolvement of technology, video games are also changing. More ways of playing violent video games are created each year, but most of us have this question in mind; do violent video games influence peopleRead MoreViolent Video Games: Closing the Doors to Success688 Words   |  3 PagesAn increase in violent outbreaks may be linked to violent video games. There has been an increasing amount of crime in the age groups involved violent video games in some way. In turn, watching and/or participating in violent video games can increase violent behavior. Violent outbreaks are more common with age groups that are actively participating in violent video games, or have an active role within the community of violent video games. An article states Sales of video games have more than quadrupledRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Violence1642 Words   |  7 PagesVideo game violence has remained a controversy for numerous years. With the advancement of technology, video games have progressed in its practicality and genres. Technology has allowed video games to become very sophisticated and lifelike. This development has brought video games to a multi-billion dollar industry. Nevertheless, with the level of practicality, there are also negative affects to humanity. Since the manufacture of violent video games, there has been a constant quarrel whether or notRead MoreDo Video Games Inspire Violent Behavior?1713 Words   |  7 Pageseffects of violent video games and the development of today’s youth. Many people believe that the vi olence in video games promotes aggression. According to Doctor Brad Bushman’s article, Do Violent Video Games Increase Aggression? he claims that violent video games leads to aggression because it is interactive process that teaches and rewards violent behavior. Yet others believe that this not the case. Gregg Toppo of the Scientific American, writes in his article, â€Å"Do Video Games Inspire Violent BehaviorRead MoreCensoring of Violent Video Games1152 Words   |  5 PagesThere has always been controversy as to whether violent video games should be censored. Video games should be censored for the good of society. Video games do harm to teens and society due to making teens accumulate frustrations,makes teens think violence is acceptable in problem solving, and makes them very unhealthy but it also does some good, such as helps teens control their emotions, makes them conscious of what is good from what is bad, and helps them get rid of stress. This controversy mayRead M oreViolent Video Games Cause Violence : Cause Of Violence And Video Games1377 Words   |  6 PagesLit. 27 November 2017 The Blame Game Statistically, 2017 has become the year with second lowest crimes rates since 1990, assuming there isn’t a big resurgence in violent crime between now and the end of the year (Bump). However, violent crimes continue to be a problem in modern-day America. Many have sought out to find out the root of these crimes and what causes them, and as a result, many different things have been cited as a cause for violence. Violent video games are said to be a possible sourceRead More Violent Video Games did Not Cause the Columbine High School Shooting1634 Words   |  7 PagesHarris’ violent tragedy. The question is: did playing Doom lead to him being a violent child, or did being a violent child lead him to playing Doom? Proceeding my perusal of articles and research, written by authors with scientific credentials or otherwise, I have concluded that video games are no more to blame for the ebullition found in today’s society than any other possible cause. However, the incessant brouhaha as well as the negative notoriety surrounding media and video games refusesRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Its Effects On Gamers1205 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Game Violence and its effects on Gamers In recent years there has been a significant increase of shooting incidents, specifically in America. When there is a shooting event the media is quick to question if the suspect had a history of playing violent video games. There is already the initial connection between video game violence and aggression; but is this connection scientifically correct? This topic interests me because of the increase in school shootings and violence. I have personally

Information Systems Free Essays

1. Analyze the spreadsheet shown in Figure 5-15 and list all of the problems that occur when trying to track the assignment of sheet music using this spreadsheet. †¢The first 6 entries to the spreadsheet seem easy to track however they do not show which member is using which sheet of music †¢After the first 6 rows all the musical works are just listed and you cannot tell who is responsible for each sheet †¢One of the sheet music is duplicated †¢There are no keys to relate the members and the music †¢Information is listed in the wrong columns 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following two tables could be used to store the data in Figure 5-15 in a database: †¢Redraw the data in Figure 5-15 into this two-table format. Choir Member Table Member IDLast NameFirst NameEmailPhonePart 1AshleyJaneJA@somewhere. com 703. 555. 1234Soprano 2DavidsonKayeKD@somewhere. com 703. 555. 2236Soprano 3ChingKam HoongKHC@overhere. com 703. 555. 2236Soprano 4MenstellLori LeeLLM@somewhere. com 703. 555. 1237Soprano 5CorningSandraSC2@overhere. com 703. 555. 1234Soprano 6WeiGuangGW1@somewhere. com 703. 555. 9936Soprano 7DixonEleanorED@thisplace. com 703. 555. 12379Soprano DuongLindaLD2@overhere. com 703. 555. 8736Soprano 9LundenHaleyHL@somewhere. com 703. 555. 0836Soprano 10UtranDiem ThiDTU@somewhere. com 703. 555. 1089Soprano Musical Work Table Musical IDNameOfWorkComposerPartCopyNumberMember ID 1B-Minor MassJ. S BachSopranoCopy 71 2RequiemMozartSoprano Copy 172 39th Symphony ChorusBeethovenSopranoCopy 93 4B-Minor MassJ. S BachSopranoCopy 114 5RequiemJ. S BachSopranoCopy 195 †¢Select primary keys for the ChiorMember and MusicalWork tables. i. The primary keys for the ChiorMember table should be Member ID and theprimary key for the MusicalWork should be Musical ID The two tables are not integrated; they do not show who has checked out which music. Add foreign key columns to one of the tables to integrate the data. i. The foreign key to integrate the two tables is the Member ID column in the MusicalWorkTable. This way when someone checks out or borrows a sheet music they can link it to who the student is. This connects the two tables and integrates the data. †¢This two-table design does not eliminate the potential for data integrity problems that occur in the spreadsheet. Explain why not. . This design does not eliminate the potential for data integrity problems because who ever enters the information has to make sure it is all entered correctly. There is always error potential therefore whoever uses the table must be careful. ii. Also, ther e must be a separate table that has all of the information linked together. 3. A three table database design for the data in the spreadsheet in Figure 5-15 is as follows: †¢Redraw the data in Figure 5-15 into this three-table format. Member IDLast NameFirst NameEmailPhonePart AshleyJaneJA@somewhere. com 703. 555. 1234Soprano 2DavidsonKayeKD@somewhere. com 703. 555. 2236Soprano 3ChingKam HoongKHC@overhere. com 703. 555. 2236Soprano 4MenstellLori LeeLLM@somewhere. com 703. 555. 1237Soprano 5CorningSandraSC2@overhere. com 703. 555. 1234Soprano 6WeiGuangGW1@somewhere. com 703. 555. 9936Soprano 7DixonEleanorED@thisplace. com 703. 555. 12379Soprano 8DuongLindaLD2@overhere. com 703. 555. 8736Soprano 9LundenHaleyHL@somewhere. com 703. 555. 0836Soprano 10UtranDiem ThiDTU@somewhere. com 703. 55. 1089Soprano Musical IDNameOfWorkComposerPartCopyNumberMember ID 1B-Minor MassJ. S BachSopranoCopy 71 2RequiemMozartSoprano Copy 172 39th Symphony ChorusBeethovenSopranoCopy 93 4B-Minor MassJ. S B achSopranoCopy 114 5RequiemJ. S BachSopranoCopy 195 Member IDFirst NameLast NameName of WorkMusical ID 1JaneAshleyB-Minor Mass1 2 KayeDavidsonRequiem2 3Kam HoongChing9th Symphony Chorus3 4Lori LeeMenstellB-Minor Mass4 5 SandraCorningRequiem5 †¢Identify which columns are primary keys for each of these tables. i. The primary keys are the Member ID and the Musical ID †¢The foreign keys are already in place; identify which columns are foreign keys and which relationships they represent. i. The Musical ID in the third table is the foreign ID. †¢Does this design eliminate the potential for data integrity problems that occur in the spreadsheet? Why or why not? i. Yes, because it links the members with the music sheets. If their name is linked the exactly which sheet of music they have out then there is no way for data integrity problems. 4. Assume you manage the choir and you foresee two possibilities: †¢Keep the spreadsheet, but create procedures to reduce the likelihood of data integrity problems. †¢Create an Access database and database application for the three-table design. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each of these possibilities. Recommend one of these two possibilities and justify your recommendation. For the spreadsheet option, some of the advantages would be that it would be easier for most people to use. The user would be able to see clearly which student has which music. The disadvantages of using a spreadsheet is that whoever enters the information must be extremely careful when entering the information because it is very easy to mess up. Also, since there are so many tables and you have to look back at the previous ones to see who has what it can get a little confusing. If we decided on the database application the advantages would be that it is very easy to enter information and you can look up one individual at a time or all at once. It lays out the information very clearly. However the disadvantages would be that Access is very confusing and not many people know how to use it correctly How to cite Information Systems, Papers Information Systems Free Essays Describe how information systems have changed the way businesses operate ND their products and services. One of the more popular topics that I have been asked how the information systems have changed the way businesses operate and their products and services. In my point of views I think they have major three ways in which information technology has brought about a huge change in the way in which people conduct business in different parts of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the most important problem is â€Å"time† So the advantages of using technology is that time constraints are eliminated. Since updated information can be provided to the staff and existing or potential customers at remote locations on a real mime basis and more business can be done. Company can save much more money because they don’t have to pay for their staff to travel to meet either customers or other executives. Meetings held through the Internet are as good as the traditional ones. In fact, companies also involve their customers in the meetings so that the products can be designed according to their needs. Since information from all parts of the world can collect and merged with the inventory management system of the company, the process of accepting orders and supplying the materials has become far more perfect. If the time taken between invoicing and shipment can decrease, customers will bind to much more satisfied. As more and more people start using the Internet for business and personal reasons, if companies don’t adapt themselves and use the upcoming technologies, they will bound to fall behind. Today customers expect goods and services to be available 24 hours, seven days a week. E-commerce is a mode of business where the product is sold through the website of the company. This means that people do not have to step out of their homes to make purchases. Last but not the least whether you are a business to business or business to nonuser concern, you should make use of information technology to maximize pronto b) Describe the characteristics of a digital firm. A digital firm is a firm which nearly all of the organization’s major business relationships with customer, supplier, and employee are digitally enabled. Axis business processes are accomplished through digital networks spanning the entire organization or linking multiple organizations. Business processes refer to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop over time to produce specific business results and the unique manner in which these activities are organized and coordinated. Digital firms involve both time shifting and space shifting. Time shifting refers to business being conducted continuously, rather than in narrow â€Å"work day† time bands of 9 a. M. To 5 p. M. Space shifting means that work takes place in a global workshop, as well as within national. Questions 2 a) List and describe the organization, management, and technology dimensions of information systems. 1 . Organization: The organization dimension of information systems concerns issues like the hierarchy of organization, culture, processes of business, functional specialties and political interest groups. 2. Management: The management dimension of information systems concerns issues like Job attitudes, staff training, and management behavior. 3. Technology: The technology dimension composes of computer software, hardware, data management technology and networking technology. B) Distinguish between data and information and between information systems literacy and computer literacy. Data vs.. Information Data which is a move of raw fact representing events occurring in the organization before the organization have been organized and arranged into a form that people can use and understand. Information which is a data that have been came a form that is meaningful and useful to human being. Information systems literacy vs.. Imputer literacy Information literacy is more care for create information useful to an organization and its staff, on the other hand computer literacy satisfied the simple use of computer. As technology uses spread beyond traditional computer, information literacy enables staff and organization to gain an edge over their competition. Question 3 a) List and describe six reasons why information systems are so im portant for business today. Six reasons about information systems are so important for business today include: 1. Operational excellence 2. New products, services, and business models 3. Customer and supplier intimacy 4. Improved decision making 5. Competitive advantage 6. Survival Information systems are the basis of conducting business. In 21st century, in many companies, survival and even existence without extensive use of IT is unimaginable, and IT plays a critical role in rising productivity. Although information technology has become a daily, when organization have complementary changes in , it can provide the basis for new product, service, and ways of conducting business that provide firms with a strategic advantage. ) Describe the esoterically perspective on information systems. Optimal organizational performance achieved by together optimizing both social and technical systems used in production can help them to avoid purely technological approach. So it can produce their product much more better. Question 4 a) Define business process and describe the role they play in organizations. Business process which is a use computer’s logic to substitute staff to handle related set of activities; Business processes are the ways in which organizations coordinate and organize work activities, knowledge to produce their valuable product or service. Business processes have four different areas. 1 . For the manufacturing and production area include product assembling, quality checking, and producing bills of materials. 2. For the sales and marketing area. Business processes include identifying customers, making customers aware of the product, and selling the product. 3. For finance and accounting, business processes includes paying creditors, creating financial statements, and managing cash accounts. 4. For human resources, business processes include hiring employees, evaluating Job performance of employees, and enrolling employees in benefits plans. Describe the relationship between information systems and business processes. Between information systems and business processes, their relationship is they can substitute each other. Whatever in management, finance, sales or marketing etc†¦ Question 5 a) Define collaboration and teamwork and explain why they have become so important in business today. Teamwork can raise product ivity. Teamwork requires each team member to work together while allowing their individual interests to become a subordinate concern. As a result, team members focus on the goal at hand and contribute their knowledge, resources and skills to reaching the goal. How to cite Information Systems, Papers Information systems Free Essays The objectives of this research are: Evaluating the impacts of Internet banking on commercial customers’ businesses using a multi-disciplinary approach; the social, technical and organizational aspects will be taken into account. This research is categorized into seven chapters. Chapter one: introduction of the project which reveals the scope of the project, what type of business is exploited, aims and objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Information systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chapter two: Literature Review, of his project provides a detailed view of all the relevant literature that was used in undertaking this project. Chapter three: Objectives and Research Methods, outlines the objectives of the project and considers the different ways in which these objectives was examined and researched. Example, by using case studies, interviews and questionnaires. Chapter four: Conceptual Framework outlines the concepts and framework (theories) of the analysis with reference to the literature. Chapter five: Findings, provides a discussion of the findings from the empirical research. It will roved views of the officials and persons interviewed and questioned. Chapter six: Analysis focuses on the analysis of the project. It links the theory with the empirical data where the findings will be interpreted and explained. Any problems or drawbacks of the use of these tools will be highlighted here. Chapter seven: Conclusion is the final section of the main report and will serve to summaries and conclude the project. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a solid background for this research topic and to give a comprehensive knowledge of the literature of the field. It must be noted however that this literature review is not all there is to the research on Internet Banking but rather a summary of the research that was done with the reference selected. As technology continues to advance rapidly and give an increasing popularity to the internet in society today business owners are making more use of the internet in order to distribute their goods and services. The incredible growth of the internet is changing the way corporations conduct business with consumers. The banking industry is no exception Noun and CIA 2001). Internet Banking services have been offered by banks in order to improve services to existing customers and attract new ones and also to enhance the products offered by the bank. To sustain business competitiveness, more and more banks or financial services companies are transforming from their traditional approach of â€Å"bricks and mortar† into â€Å"clicks and mortar† under the recent emergence of electronic commerce and business (Chaw and La’, 2003). As noted by Biker et al. 2000 â€Å"physical banks are not an anachronism, but less is sometimes more. † Trust refers to the belief that the remises of another can be relied upon and that, in unforeseen circumstances, the other will act in a spirit of goodwill and in a benign fashion toward the trust (Such and Han, 2002). As more and more financial institutions are finding ways to utilize Internet Technologies to launch Internet Banking services, research have shown an important issue is to understand what factors will impact the decisions of customers in adopting the service. In information research terms, it is the issue of user technology acceptance. As noted above the extended TAM model includes several external variables that are argued to have influence on perceive usefulness in the context of adopting Internet banking services. According to researchers Chaw and Alai 2003, three factors, personalization, alliance services and task familiarity are proposed to have influence on perceive usefulness. The importance of perceived usefulness has been widely recognized in the field of electronic banking (Grunting and Nudism, 2006; Circumstantially and Fink, 2005; Eriksson et al. , 2005; Laborer and L’, 2005; Polytonal and Skin, 2001; Lila and Chemung, 2002) / (Changer and Begum 2008). According to Chaw and Alai two variables proposed to have influence on perceived ease of use are task familiarity and accessibility. As stated above task familiarity plays a role in the factors affecting perceived usefulness, here we see it affects the perceived ease of use as well. The more accessible an information system is the less effort is needed to use it. (Kernighan and Straus, 1999). In the context of Internet banking, accessibility refers to not only the physical accessibility of Internet connections, but also the global and round-the-clock nature of Internet banking. Gogh 1995, argues that if the supporting technological infrastructures are easily and readily available, Internet commerce applications such as Internet banking will become more feasible. In an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Internet banking for commercial customers in FCC, which is the aim of this project, the following objectives will be used to achieve this; Investigating the effects of trust, user acceptance, perceived usefulness and ease of use, security, and risk perception of internet banking. Assessing the impacts of Trinidad being a developing country; the information and communication technology capabilities will be investigated taking into consideration the availability of internet resources and level of computer literacy. Quantitative and Qualitative Research According to Maggie Walter 2006, quantitative research can be done using formal preset questionnaires to ask people specific questions that have a limited number of optional responses. This type of data collection is basically concerned with surveys, structured interviewing and secondary data analysis. According to Alan Barman quantitative research is structured so that the researcher is able to examine the precise concepts and issues that are the focus of the study. Quantitative data are often viewed as hard reliable data owing to the precision offered by measurement. However quantitative research lacks depth as the respondents are not able to express their opinions. Qualitative research is basically concerned with understanding; it is about how people feel about things and what their perceptions are about particular issues (Maggie Walter 2006). This method is generally concerned tit interviews, unstructured or in depth. According to Alan Banyan qualitative research allows the researcher to see through the eyes of the people being studied. However qualitative research can be subjective, difficult to replicate and may lack transparency. In this project both quantitative and qualitative research was carried out. Interviews Interviews will be conducted in person as a way to collect data from some of the customers from the sample size. These customers will be selected according to their willingness and availability to do the interview. Interviews allow us to establish a DOD relationship with the respondents and generate a good understanding of the respondent’s views. Two types of interviews that can be carried out are structured interviews and unstructured interviews. How to cite Information systems, Papers Information Systems Free Essays string(42) " this feature of e-commerce technologies\." Introduction The growth of e-commerce in the world has led to a remarkable shift from the traditional to the modern and internet-based business operations. The internet and web applications are the major drives for this trend. It is reported that the volume of goods and services traded over the internet since 1995 has more than doubled. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now The efficiency and reliability that is associated with online marketing can be attributed to the massive implementation of cloud computing systems in the world of business. Since 1995, several companies have dominated the electronic marketplace, including the ‘big four’ group that consists of Amazon, Google, eBay and Yahoo (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.3). Consumer sales are hugely expanding as a result of advancement in the e-commerce technologies. According to the 2005 Forrester Research, the consumer sales had grown by more than 23% from 2000, to approximately $172 billion (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.7). The growth of wireless internet networks, broadband systems and web applications can perhaps be termed as the powerhouses of the modern e-commerce. This paper explores the various unique characteristics of the e-commerce technologies, citing the use of reliable information storage in Amazon as a good example. Overview of the e-commerce models The classification of e-commerce takes mainly two dimensions; the market relationship and the underlying technology. With respect to the market relationships, e-commerce exists in three models, namely Business-to-Consumer (B2C), Business-to-Business (B2B) and the Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.17). However, the B2C is the most common model of e-commerce, since it encompasses the business activities as performed by both the online retailers and the potential customers. In the year 2005, the B2C e-commerce was estimated to have a value of approximately $140 billion in the US. However, this volume has since grown to a whooping $170 billion (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.7). The B2C e-commerce comprises of several components, such as web portals, online marketers, content applications, service providers and also online brokers, among others. On the basis of technology, e-commerce is divided into two groups. These include peer-to-peer (P2P) and mobile e-commerce (Laudon Tr aver, 2004, p.18). The P2P entails the transfer of various multimedia contents through wired and wireless networks, while the mobile e-commerce is mainly conducted by using mobile devices and networks. Unique features of the e-commerce technologies The commercial success in e-commerce has been experienced due to advancement in the supportive technologies. It is predicted that these technologies will continue propagating; a trend that will definitely take e-commerce to higher levels (Barnes, 2007, p.118). The rapid growth in the e-commerce technologies can be attributed to the numerous business requirements that have emerged in the Fortune 500 enterprises (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.18). The e-commerce technologies are characterised by various unique features. However, most of these features are also associated with the internet, which is the main driving force of e-commerce. These unique features include ubiquitous computing, information richness, universality in technology standards and also reliable interactivity (Barnes, 2007, p.118). Personalization of the online products, global reach and information density are characteristics of e-commerce technologies as well (Barnes, 2007, p.118). These features are beneficial in the prom otion of e-commerce, since they support cost-effective business operations. The internet and the associated web-based applications are immensely important in connecting e-retailers to potential online shoppers. Ubiquity Ubiquity is perhaps the most unique feature of e-commerce technologies. Ubiquity refers to the aspect of ready availability of e-commerce models, products and services. Therefore, e-commerce is available all the time and anywhere in the globe (Barnes, 2007, p.118). The internet connection provides a solid medium through which e-marketers can communicate to potential customers and vice versa. The property of ubiquity in e-commerce technologies is important since it eliminates the possible geographical barriers (myweb.ncku.edu, 2010). Business stakeholders can take part in trading from the comfort of their office desktops and mobile devices regardless of their geographical location, without encountering physical restrictions. Ubiquitous computing in e-commerce helps in reducing the transactions costs, since the e-retailers and online shoppers do not have to print catalogues, product specifications or any other trade documents. Such documents can be produced electronically in the cloud computing platform, and the issue of travelling is largely eliminated (myweb.ncku.edu, 2010). The reduction in these transaction costs is beneficial to both the marketers and the consumers. Therefore, the ubiquity of e-commerce technologies eliminates the physical barriers which characterise traditional markets. Ubiquity in e-commerce technologies also enables the expansion of product markets. This occurs in the sense that it leads to the reduction in the entry and exit barriers (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.12). The time barrier is also eliminated in ubiquitous computing, since the business transactions can be carried out at any time of the day. Internet connectivity and the presence of shopping websites are provided every time, a factor that facilitates an appropriate expansion of the marketplace. In addition to reducing transaction costs, ubiquity also entails reducing the cognitive energy that is required in executing e-commerce activities. According to Laudon and Traver (2004, p.12), the cognitive energy is the mental effort that is applied on a certain task. In the e-commerce technologies, the mental energy required to execute business transactions over the internet is lower than in traditional business practices (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.12). Thus, ubiquity of these technologies has helped in generating desirable efficiencies and differentiation models. Information density E-commerce technologies have solved the problem of information overload. These technologies are capable of handling voluminous amounts of data and information, which is an essential process in electronic transactions (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.13). Cloud-based systems can offer virtual storage techniques, which are unlimited in terms of scalability. The use of e-commerce technologies has enabled the improvement in information quality. The information density challenge is adequately addressed by these technologies, since they are characterised by superior storage and data handling mechanisms (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.13). The aspect of information richness in e-commerce technologies helps virtually all the online business stakeholders, ranging from the e-retailers, online shoppers and also the cloud computing service providers. The integration of the various aspects of business information is heavily dependent on this feature of e-commerce technologies. You read "Information Systems" in category "Essay examples" The incorporation of various multimedia contents into marketable products is enabled by the efficiency in the e-commerce technologies (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.13). The large amount of data and information that can be handled by internet databases such as Amazon’s S3 helps in leveraging the aspects of online marketing. Information richness in e-commerce technologies also entails the reliability in collecting and processing of business data (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.14). The assessment of marketing trends in e-commerce relies on the superiority of the e-commerce technologies. Some e-commerce technologies such as Podcasting and internet broadband have led to improvement in accuracy and process precision in the execution of online transactions. In addition, many online products such as music and video streams are delivered in timely manner (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.14). This is because the customer only needs to subscribe to the relevant e-marketing websites, and then download the respective files. Similarly to ubiquity of e-commerce technologies, the aspect of information richness and density eradicates several forms of transaction costs, such as travelling, printing and communication. Hence, it can be presumed that information density is an immensely important feature of e-marketing technologies in th e global electronic marketplace (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.13). There are many online transactions that are carried out every day, and the need for unlimited virtual storage is a necessity in the modern e-commerce. Open standards Most of the e-commerce technologies use open standards in order to evade any territorial or regional restrictions that may be imposed by some countries. In the open standards, all the technologies that are involved in e-commerce are allowed to operate under a common platform. These standards include the TCP/IP protocol, XML and HTML (Kraemer, 2006, p.355). These universal standards in e-commerce technologies are supported by public networks, unlike the case of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems which mainly depend on private networks. Open standards such as the XML support universal connection in terms of enabling adequate indexing of software products (Kraemer, 2006, p.355). However, the EDI has changed over time, and it is reported that several corporate enterprises have implemented this standard in e-commerce. The Open Buying Internet (OBI) and Open Trading Protocol (OTP) have become reliable standards in the modern e-commerce (SBA.gov, n.d). The OBI standard enables all e -commerce systems to communicate freely, without protocol disparities that may hinder the growth of e-commerce activities. On the other hand, the OTP standard has integrated online payment systems in e-commerce (SBA.gov, n.d). Some of the payment processes that are supported by this universal standard include purchase receipts, trade agreements and also the actual payments. Netscape’s Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a universal protocol that was founded with an aim of promoting the aspects of online privacy (SBA.gov, n.d). This protocol ensures that e-commerce stakeholders can exchange information and data through secure platforms, by a way of using a public encryption key. The SSL protocol supports the transfer of data from any source point to various destinations in a secure manner. Therefore, the system does not impose any restrictions on the basis of regional presence. The SSL has been implemented in various universal standards, such as the Open Profiling Standard (OPS) (SBA.gov, n.d). The OPS is used by e-commerce organisations such as Microsoft and Firefly, in order to enhance security and privacy of merchants and consumers’ data over the internet. The field of electronic payments has received intense attention from various e-commerce players. Thus, there has been a burning need to develop superior open standards that will govern the i ntegration of electronic payment transactions. The Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) is one of these standards, which was recently founded by the world’s leading credit payment organizations; Visa and MasterCard (SBA.gov, n.d). The SET standard is globally used in the banking sector, an aspect that has hugely improved efficiency in the payment transactions. Global Reach As opposed to traditional business platforms, modern e-commerce technologies allow for global reach. The online population has grown tremendously as a result of advancement in e-commerce technologies (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.13). In particular, the global communication technologies such as emailing, video conferencing, instant messaging and chat programs among others have succeeded in connecting a large number of people through the internet. It is reported that in 2005, the online population was approximately 1 billion people (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.13). However, this number has significantly increased in the recent past, to several billions. This has facilitated the expansion of the global e-marketplace, due to the implementation of reliable communication technologies. The technologies, through the properties of ubiquitous computing and global reach, have enabled cross-cultural e-commerce trade to take place in the world (myweb.ncku.edu, 2010). The unique feature of global reach ex plains the adequate presence of global outlets and sustainable global supply chains. This aspect has improved the sales volumes in e-commerce, with profitability margins equally benefitting. The various business operations can be performed from every place on earth by the use of these global communication technologies which are not restricted by national boundaries. The business significance of this property lies in the provision of seamless opportunities to both small and large business organisations (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.13). Many merchants and potential customers are connected by the use of this unique feature of e-commerce technologies. Apart from the wide geographic coverage that is offered by e-commerce technologies, the demographic aspects are addressed as well (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.13). The various web contents such as animations, videos, music files and other digital products can be viewed worldwide by people of different ages, financial stability, gender and also preferences. Thus, this global reach characteristic applies across many aspects of consumers and online merchants. Global reach has enabled the entry of more business enterprises into the platform of e-commerce in the world (myweb.ncku.edu, 2010). This is because it attracts a large number of customers and e-marketers alike. The e-commerce technologies have helped in the creation of a global corporate culture, which is an important requirement in developing the human resource models in any business enterprise. Therefore, it can be construed that e-commerce technologies have played a key role in improving global trading activities through the global reach feature. Personalisation E-commerce technologies can offer personalised services to consumers and online retailers. This unique feature of e-commerce is implemented through geo-marketing, a practice that involves the provision of slightly modified products to a specific region of individual on the basis of their preferences (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.16). Other e-commerce technologies such as video conferencing enable the delivery of customised products or services to the interested clients. In the USA, the Wall Street Journal allows the selection of news type by the customer through the use of e-commerce communication technologies (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.16). For instance, this American online journal allows the users to subscribe for personalised alerts on certain events. Thus, it can be concluded that e-commerce technologies are efficient in the way of promoting personalisation and customisation of digital products (Laudon Traver, 2004, p.16). The customisation of consumer’s products in e-commerce is done through constant assessment of the shopping behaviours, which include purchasing patterns. Information density and richness in Amazon’s Simple Storage Service (S3) Started in 2006, the Amazon’s S3 has become a global example of an appropriate e-commerce technology (Velte et al, 2009, p.142). The S3 was created to offer information and data storage solutions to e-commerce stakeholders. The aspect of information richness in online transactions prompted the development of this technological platform, through which people can store voluminous data. In addition, the S3 offers efficient techniques of data retrieval modification and processing (Velte et al, 2009, p.142). It has largely addressed the issue of information density to the online shoppers. The Amazon business corporation, one of the largest e-commerce players in the world, uses the S3 system to store all information concerning its online products, consumer data and marketing trends. The S3 offers scalable in the sense that it charges the customers on the basis of their request rates and data usage models. In addition, the S3 reportedly offers approximately 99.99% of information avai lability (Velte et al, 2009, p.142). This form of richness eliminates the inconveniences associated with downtime errors. Thus, the feature of information density has worked out to the benefit of Amazon in great measures (Velte et al, 2009, p.142-143). Information density in the traditional business transactions is associated with low speeds of information processing, storage and also retrieval. However, the Amazon’s S3 system offers a high-performance mechanism of handling information and business data. According to Velte et al (2009, p.143), the S3 system is highly efficient in terms of processing speeds. This is because it uses many supportive nodes which enable the reduction of server-side latency. Therefore, online information that is used in e-commerce activities can be made available without any unnecessary delays or failures (Velte et al, 2009, p.143). The several user applications which are used in the storage and retrieval of information in Amazon’s S3 system are equipped with strong interfaces that enable users to retrieve or update data files and information folders in efficient manner. The storage of information in this internet-based database is cost effective. This is because the company charges less f or companies which store voluminous corporate data. Online marketers do not have to prepare separate data files and product specifications sheets, since the system allows for electronic processing of these business documents (Velte et al, 2009, p.142). The S3 is an Infrastructure-as-a-Service model that also enables the users to build reliable infrastructure on which to store voluminous data (Murty, 2008, p.135). This system offers a virtualised mode of data storage, which is therefore appropriate in handling data operations. The Amazon Corporation has benefitted from the S3 in the sense that it enables the company to share large data files with other business organisations in the B2B model. This sharing of large files has led to reduction in data transmission costs, since large amounts of data can be transmitted cheaply through S3. The system’s Universal Resource Identifier (URI) enables a secure transmission of information, through providing the relevant links to data recipients (Murty, 2008, p.135). Amazon also benefits from the back up services that are provided by this system. This aspect of information richness and density ensures that data loss and leakage are avoided. Conclusion E-commerce has rapidly developed in the recent past. This trend can be attributed to the desirable unique features that exist in the e-commerce technologies. The volume of sales that results from e-commerce every single year is estimated to be approximately $170 billion in value. Thus, there is a growing need for the development of better e-commerce technologies that will facilitate significant growth in this platform. There are mainly seven unique features of e-commerce technologies. These include ubiquity, global reach, personalisation, open standards, interactivity, information density and richness. Ubiquitous computing ensures that e-commerce systems can be provided anywhere and at any time. Global reach entails the coverage of all geographic and demographic aspects of e-commerce, and it is solely enabled by the internet, which is the main medium of global communication. Amazon has created one of the most reliable information richness systems; the S3. This system offers speedy st orage and retrieval techniques to the clients. In addition, this system provides a reliable backup for the company’s data and information, thereby minimising the likelihood of data loss and leakage. Bibliography: Barnes, S. 2007. E-commerce and V-Business: Digital Enterprise in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Kraemer, K. L. 2006. Global E-commerce: Impacts of National Environment and Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Laudon, K. C. Traver, C. G. 2004. Introduction to E-commerce. The Revolution is Just Beginning. Retrieved June 3rd 2011 from: http://www.pearsonhighered.com/samplechapter/0131735160.pdf Murty, J. 2008. Programming Amazon Web Services: S3, EC2, SQS, FPS and SimpleDB. Sebastopol: O’Reilly Media, Inc. Myweb.ncku.edu, 2010. E-Commerce: Digital Markets, Digital Goods. Retrieved June 3rd 2011 from: http://myweb.ncku.edu.tw/~wtwang/course-MIS/week15.pdf SBA.gov, n.d. Are There Any Technology Standards For E-CommerceRetrieved June 3rd2011 from: http://www.sba.gov/content/are-there-any-technology-standards-e- commerce Velte, T. et al, 2009. Cloud Computing: A Practical Approach. New York: McGraw HillProfessional. How to cite Information Systems, Essay examples Information Systems Free Essays string(141) " have limited Analytical capabilities but can draw on sophisticated graphics Software and many sources of internal and external information\." MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY ( LECTURE NOTES 1 – Information Systems in Global Business Today)1. Explain why Information Systems are so essential in business today. OInformation Systems are fundamental for conducting Business today. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now OIn many industries, survival and even existence is difficult without extensive use of Information Systems. OInformation Systems have become essential for helping organizations operate in a global economy. OOrganization are trying to become more competitive and efficient by transforming themselves into ‘Digital Firms’ where nearly all core business processes and relationship with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled. OBusiness today use Information Systems to achieve six major objectives: 1. Operational excellence 4. Improved Decision making 2. New product, Services Business models 5. Competitive advantage 3. Customer / Supplier intimacy 6. Day-to-day survival Loading†¦ MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2. Define an Information System from both Technical and Business perspective From a Technical perspective: OAn Information System collects, stores, and disseminates Information from an organization’s environment and internal operations to support organizational functions and decision making, communication, coordination, control, Analysis and visualization. OInformation Systems transform raw data into useful Information through three basic activities: Input, Processing and Output From a Business perspective OAn Information System provides a solution to a problem or challenge facing a firm and provides real economic value to the business. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 3. Identify and describe the three dimensions of Information Systems An Information System represents a combination of Management, Organization, and Technology elements. OThe Management Dimension involves:  §Leadership,  §Strategy,  §Management behaviour. OThe Organization Dimension involves:  §Organization’s hierarchy,  §Functional specialities,  §Business Processes,  §Culture,  §Political interest groups OThe Technology Dimension consists of:  §Computer Hardware,  §Software,  §Data Management technology,  § Network / Telecommunications technology (including the Internet. Loading†¦ MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4. Asses the Complementary Assets required for I. T to provide value to a Business OAn Information System is part of a series of ‘Value-adding activities’ for acquiring, transforming and distributing Information to improve Management decision making, enhance Organizational performance, and ultima tely Increase firm profitability OIT cannot provide this Value unless it is accompanied by supportive changes in Organization and Management called Complementary Assets These Complementary Assets include:  §New Business Models New Business Processes  §Supportive Organizational Culture  §Incentives for Management Support and innovations  §Training  §Social Assets (Such as Standards, Laws and Regulations),  §Telecommunications infrastructure.  §Firms that make appropriate investments in these complementary Assets, also called Organizational and Management Capital, receive superior returns on their IT Investment. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 5. Identify and describe contemporary approaches to the Study of Information Systems and distinguish between Computer Literacy and Information Systems Literacy. OThe study of Information Systems deals with issues and insights contributed from Technical and Behavioural disciplines. OThe Discipline that contributes to Technical approach are:  §Computer Science  §Management Science  §Operational Research OThe Discipline that contributes to Behavioural Approach are:  §Psychology  §Sociology  §Economics  §Information Systems Literacy requires an understanding of the Organizational and Management dimensions of Information Systems, as well as Technical dimensions addressed by Computer Literacy.  §Information System Literacy draws on both Technical and Behavioural approaches to studying Information Systems. The field of MIS promotes Information Systems Literacy by combining all of these disciplines with practical orientation towards developing System solutions to real world problems and managing IT resources. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY ( LECTURE NOTES 2 – How Business Use Information Systems? ) 1. Define and descri be Business Processes and their relationship to Information Systems. OA Business Process is a logically related set of activities that define how specific Business tasks are performed, and a Business can be viewed as a collection of Business Processes. OBusiness Processes are concrete flows of Material, Information and KnowledgeOBusiness Processes represent unique ways in which organizations coordinate Work, Information, and Knowledge, and the ways to which Management chooses to coordinate work.  §Managers need to pay attention to Business Processes because they determine how well the organization can execute its business, and thus be a potential source of strategic success or failure. OEach major Business functions has its own set of Business processes (such Processes for Production function) however there are many business processes which are cross-functional such as order fulfilment. OInformation Systems can help organizations achieve great efficiencies by automating parts of these processes or by helping Organizations redesign and streamlining them. OFirms can become more flexible and efficient by coordinating their Business Processes closely, and in some cases, integrating thesePprocesses so they are focused on efficient management of resources and customer service. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY 2. Describe the Information Systems supporting the major business functions At each level of Organization, Information Systems support the major Functional areas of the Business OSales and Marketing Systems  §Help the firm identify Customers for firm’s Products or Services,  §Develop Products and Services to meet Customer’s needs  §Promote the Products and Services  §Sell the Product and Services  §Provide ongoing Customer support OManufacturing and Production Systems  §Deals with Production Planning  §Development  §Production of Products and Services  §Control the flow of Production MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY OFinance and Accounting Systems  §Keeps firm’s Financial assets and fund flows OHuman Resources Systems  §Maintain Employee records  §Track Employee skills, Job performance, and Training Support planning for Employee compensation and career development MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY 3. Evaluate the Role Played by System Serving the Various Levels of Management in Business and their relationship to each other. OThere are four major types of Information Systems in contemporary organizations serving: OOperational Management OMiddle Management OSenior Management 1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Serve Operational Management . Such as Payroll or Order Processing Systems that track the flow of daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business. 2. Management Information Systems (MIS) Provide Middle management with reports and access to the organization’s current performance and historical records. Most MIS reports condense information from TPS and are not highly analytical. Loading†¦ MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY 3. Decision Support Systems (DSS) DSS supports Management decisions when these decisions are unique, rapidly changing, and not specified easily in advanced. DSS have more advanced Analytical models and Data analysis capabilities than MIS and often draw on information from external as well as internal sources. . Executive Support Systems (ESS) Support Executive Management by providing data of greatest importance to senior Management Decision makers, often in the form of graphs and charts delivered via portals. ESS have limited Analytical capabilities but can draw on sophisticated graphics Software and many sources of internal and external information. You read "Information Systems" in category "Essay examples" MANAGEMENT INFORMATION S YSTEMS SUMMARY 4. Explain how Enterprise Applications and Intranets promotes Business Process Integration and improve organizational performance Enterprise Applications These Systems are designed to support organizational wide process coordination and integration so that the organization can operate efficiently; Such Enterprise Systems are: OEnterprise Systems OSupply Chain Management Systems OCustomer Relationship Systems OKnowledge Management Systems Enterprise Systems Span multiple functions and business processes and may be tied to the Business Processes of other organizations Enterprise Systems integrate the key internal Business Processes of a firm into a single Software System so that information can flow throughout the organization, improving Coordination, efficiency, and Decision making. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY Supply Chain Management Systems Help the firm manage its relationship with supplier to optimize the Planning, Sourcing, Manufacturing, and Delivering of Products and Services. Customer Relationship Management Uses Information Systems to coordinate all the Business Processes surrounding the firm’s interactions with its Customers to optimize firm’s Revenue and Customer satisfaction Knowledge Management Systems Enable firms to optimize the creation, sharing, and distribution of knowledge to improve Business Processes and Management decisions Intranets and Extranets both use Internet technology and standards to assemble information from various Systems and present it to the User in a Web page format. Extranets make portions of private corporate Intranets available to outside. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY 5. Asses the role of Information Systems Function in a Business The Information Systems Department is the formal Organizational unit responsible for IT Services. The IS Department is responsible for maintaining the Computer Hardware, Software, Data Storage, and Network that comprise the firm’s IT Infrastructure. The Department is consisted of Specialists, such as Software Engineers, Systems Analysts, Programmers, Project Web Designers, Project Managers, Systems Managers and is often headed by a Chief Executive Officer (CIO). Alternative ways of Organizing the IT Function –A very small company will not have a formal IS group. –Larger Companies will have a separate IS Department. †¢Each Functional Area of the Business may have its own IS Department, overseen by a CIO. †¢The IT function may be run as a separate Department similar to other Functional department Very Large companies with multiple Divisions and Product Lines have an Information System department for each Division reporting to a high-level Central Information Systems group and CIO. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY (LECTURE NOTES 3 – Information Systems, Organizations and Strategies) 1. Identify and describe features of organizations that managers need to know about in order to build and use Info rmation Systems successfully. Managers need to understand certain essential features to build and use Information Systems successfully. All modern Organizations are hierarchical, specialized, and, impartial, using explicit routines to maximize efficiency. All Organizations have their culture and Politics arising from differences in interest groups, and they are affected by their surrounding environment. Organizations differs in goals, groups served, social roles, leadership styles, incentives, types of tasks performed, and type structure. These features help explain differences in organization’s use of Information Systems. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY 2. Evaluate the impact of Information Systems on Organizations Information Systems and the Organizations in which they are used interact with and influence each other. The introduction of a new Information System will affect Organizational Structure, goals, Work design, values, Competition between interest groups, Decision making, and day-to-day behaviour. At the same time, Information Systems must be designed to serve the needs of important organizational groups and will be shaped by the organization’s structure, tasks, goals, culture, Politics, and Management. IT can reduce transaction and agency costs, and such changes have been accentuated in Organizations sing the Internet. Information Systems are closely intertwined with an organization’s structure, Culture, and Business Processes. New Systems disrupts established patterns of work and power relationships. So there is often considerable resistance to them when they are introduced. The complex relationship between Information Systems, Organizational performance, and Decision making must be carefully managed. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY 3. Demonstrate how Porter’s Competitive Forces Model and the Value Chain Model help Businesses use Information Systems for Competitive Advantage. The Strategic position of the firm, and its strategies, are determined by competition with its traditional direct competitors but also they are greatly affected by: –New market entrants, –Substitute products and services, –Suppliers, –Customers. Information Systems help companies compete by maintaining low cost, differentiating products or services, focusing on market niche, strengthening ties with Customer and Suppliers, and increasing barriers to market entry with high levels of Operational excellence. The Value Chain Model highlights specific activities in the business where Competitive strategies and Information Systems will have the greatest impact. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY The Porter’s Competitive Forces Model views the firm as a series of primary and support activities that add value to a firm’s products or services. Primary activities are directly related to production and distribution, whereas support activities make the delivery of primary activities possible. A Firm’s Value Chain can be linked to that value chains of its Suppliers, Distributors, and Customers. A Value Web consist of Information Systems that enhance competitiveness at the Industry level by promoting the use of standards and industry-wide consortia, and by enabling businesses to work more efficiently with their value partners. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY 4. Demonstrate how Information Systems help Business use Synergies, Core Competences, and Network-based Strategies to achieve Competitive Advantages. Because firms consists multiple business units, Information Systems achieve additional efficiencies or enhanced services by trying together the operations of disparate business units. Information Systems help businesses leverage their core competences by promoting the sharing of knowledge across business units. Information Systems facilitate Business Models based on large Networks of Networks to link to other firms so that a company can use the capabilities of other companies to together to deliver value to the customer. Information Systems support a dense Network of interactioms among the participating firms. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY 5. Asses the challenges posed by Strategic Information Systems and Management solutions. Implementing Strategic Systems often requires extensive organizational change and a transition from one Sociotechnical level to another. †¢Such changes are called Strategic Transitions and are often difficult and painful to achieve. Moreover, not all Strategic Systems are profitable, and they can be expensive to build. Many Strategic Information Systems are easily copied by other firms so that strategic advantage is not always sustainable. A strategic Systems Analysis is helpful. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY (LECTURE NOTES 4 – Foundations of Business Intelligence) 1. Evaluate Tools and Technologies for providing Information from Databases to improve Business Performance and Decision making. Powerful tools are available to analyze and access the Information in Databases. A Data warehouse consolidates current and historical data from many different Operational Systems in a central Database designed for reporting and Analysis. Data Warehouse support multidimensional data analysis, also known as Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). OLAP represents relationships among data as a multidimensional structure, which can be visualized as cubes of data and cubes within cubes of data, enabling more sophisticated Data Analysis. Data Mining analyzes large pools of data, including the contents of Data Warehouses, to find patterns and rules that can be used to predict future behaviour and Decision making. Conventional Databases can be linked via Middleware to the Web or a Web interface to facilitate user access to an organization’s internal data, . MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY 2. Asses the role of Information Policy, Data Administration, and Data quality assurance in the Management of Organizational Data resources. Developing a Database environment requires Policies and Procedures for managing Organizational data as well as a good Data Model and Database Technology. A formal Information Policy govern the Maintenance, Distribution, and use of Information in the organization. In a large corporations, a formal Data Administration function is responsible for Information Policy, as well as for data Planning, Data Dictionary development, and monitoring data usage in the firm. Data that are inaccurate, incomplete, or inconsistent create serious Operational and Financial problems for business because they may create inaccuracies in Product pricing, Customer accounts, and Inventory data, and leads to inaccurate decisions about the actions that should be taken by the firm. Firms must take special steps to make sure they have a high level of Data quality. These include using Enterprise-wide Data Standards, Databases designed to minimize inconsistent and redundant data, Data Quality Audits, and Data Cleansing Software. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY (LECTURE NOTES 5 – IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies) How to cite Information Systems, Essay examples

Do You Believe That Sports Stars and Entertainers Make Too Much Money free essay sample

Do you believe that sports stars and entertainers make too much money? Today, many sports stars and entertainers make million of dollars every year. The advertising and commercialization of sport brings enormous profits not only to the athlete and entertainers, but also to many other organization involved in the sport business. In my opinion, the salaries and bonuses received by athletes are exaggerated. Sport is overemphasized in the U. S and our young generation should have a chance to choose between other professions which are equally paid. Americans love sports. Especially basketball, baseball and football. Eventually, people spend a lot of money for sport entertaiments. Today, a Super Bowl ticket price is about 1,200 dollars. A ticket to the first Super Bowl in 1967 was only 12 dollars. Also, U. S population spends a lot on sport marchanise, which generate greater revenue for the athelets who promote some new products or lunch a new marchandise line. We will write a custom essay sample on Do You Believe That Sports Stars and Entertainers Make Too Much Money? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page NFL, NBA, NHL became a near monopoly. American professional sports leagues have a $25-35 billion dollar revenue each year and it is just completely outlandish. The sport is not any more a pure competion or a healthy and enjoyable pass time, but a very effective business . Athletes an entertainers salaries are exuberant. The NBA player LeBron James gets paid 25 million a year for playing a game. I completely agree that to become an athelet takes a lot of efforts and streignt. But to become a teacher, phisician or scientist its take as much efforts as well. If teachers were compensated half of the professional league minimum, I’m pretty sure we would attract many more qualified individuals to educate our children. What about firefighters, police officers and fishermen, they exercise the hardest of the jobs and endanger their lives, yet they are not paid even the third of the atheletes salaries. The most warning problem related to the phenomenal athletes salaries are our young generation. The science and art are not popular amongst young people. Every young man dreams to become next Tom Brady or Michael Jordan. They refuse to accuire the basic and crucial education in hope to find their success on the field and the money is the driven engine for them. In schools, the science and art classes are missing the equipments and supplies, while thousand dollars are spend on sport field, equipment and cheerleadering. Every occupation has its values and importance. In any field, sport, art or science people should have an equal opportunity to choose from. They should have equal incentives to discover what they love and passionate about. Exurbant salaries of the atheletes and entertainers are not just unfair toward an average working U. S citizen, but also are unjust toward our children. Maybe a future Einstein or Tesla is loosing his best potential on the football or baseball field.

Sony Corporation and Its SWOT and PESTLE Analyses

Introduction Sony Corporation is an organisation that primarily deals in the manufacture and distribution of electronic appliances. The corporation is the parent organisation of Sony Group, which was founded in 1946; the corporation manages all the business activities of the entire group.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sony Corporation and Its SWOT and PESTLE Analyses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the corporation designs, plans, strategizes and manages the manufacture of Sony electronics (Flugge 2008, p. 4). This paper discusses the major achievements of Sony Corporation and presents SWOT and PESTLE analyses of the company. Major Achievements of Sony Corporation Sony was the first company to produce the first portable music player in the globe. The company invented the portable music device, the Walkman, in 1979. The 1979 invention of the music device and lightweight headphones brought a signifi cant change to the entertainment industry as people were able to listen freely to their favourite songs wherever they were. This invention has made and continues to make the advertisements of Sony audio and video players much easier (Flugge 2008, p. 5). Sony also manufactures digital cameras; it was the first company to produce point and shoot models, which were both turning points in the field of photography. Sony digital cameras use the single-lens reflex technology, which makes it easy to point and shoot as well as to produce clear pictures (Daft 2010, p. 177). Sony was among the first companies to invent televisions and computers that use video audio integrated operations (VAIO). This kind of technology allows TVs and computers to show images that are of high quality. Sony Corporation applies the technique in the production of most of its electronics, for example front projectors. The technology has also seen other rival companies recognise Sony’s products and try to ente r into mutual agreements with it (Gaspar 2006, p. 188). A SWOT Analysis of Sony Corporation Strengths Sony Corporation has a number of strongholds that assist it to prosper in the electronics’ business. Firstly, Sony owns quality music and pictures, which can help it to promote most of its electronic products to consumers. Secondly, the company has built a name through its consistent and good performance. One of the 2011 studies, which ranked Sony as the most valued brand in Asia, has also assisted the company to prosper. Lastly, Sony has an efficient team that consists of innovative and technological experts who ensure that the company’s products are of high quality; this helps the company to stay ahead of its competitors (Chang 2011, p. 7).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weaknesses The main weakness of Sony is as a result of the company’s attempts to venture in a wide range of products; this compromises the aspect of specialisation within the company. The move to venture into several lines of business negatively affects the company’s brand as the consumers are unable to associate it with any of its many products. The high cost of doing business in the electronics’ industry is also another weakness that the company faces at the moment. The high costs in the industry affect how the company sets prices for its products (Henry 2008, p. 117). Opportunities Sony has a great opportunity to expand its businesses through the joint venture it has with Ericson. The joint venture gives Sony a chance to exploit the tablet market and the smart-phones’ business. The company also has a chance to expand its operations globally through its music and movie business. The company can easily use the music and movie business to develop and support its products (Hill Jones 2013, p. 502). Threats The main threat that Sony faces is competition from companies that deal in similar electronic products. The main competitors of Sony are LG and Samsung, which offer their products at relatively lower prices. The online network hackers, who hack into Sony’s site and leak the customers’ information to unauthorised individuals, are also another threat to the company (Flugge 2008, p. 4). PESTEL Analysis of Sony Corporation Political Factors Sony is an international company and its businesses in a particular country are affected by government policies. Such policies mainly determine how the government controls business in the country. For instance, Sony has not been doing well in countries such as Syria due to the poor government policies, which put unfavourable restrictions to international companies (Saleem 2010, p. 21). Economic Factors The factors that are considered as economic and which influence the business of Sony Corporation in most countries include economic growth, exchange rates, and variable ta x policies. The company has done very well in countries such as Japan and USA where exchange and interest rates are favourable (Saleem 2010, p. 23). Social Factors Sony is also affected by the changes in social trends that occur in the countries where it operates. Such changes greatly influence the demand of Sony’s products; for instance, the company does well in the United Kingdom since the lifestyles of citizens in this country are greatly influenced by fashion and stylish preferences (Karami 2007, p. 174). Technological Factors Sony depends on technological advances to innovate its products; the company has been able to manufacture most of its products as a result of the technological know-how and innovative ability of its engineers. For instance, Sony was the first company to produce a portable music player owing to the advanced technology of its experts (Karami 2007, p. 174).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sony Corporation and Its SWOT and PESTLE Analyses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Environmental Factors Weather and climatic conditions are also other factors that affect the operations of Sony in most countries. They affect activities such as tourism, insurance and farming, which in turn affect the demand for Sony’s products. For instance, Sony cameras have a high demand during winter in Syria as a result of the high number of tourists that visit the country (Bowhill 2008, p. 331). Legal Factors The operations of Sony are also influenced greatly by the laws in the countries it carries out its business activities. Every country sets its own legal restraints for which any company willing to do business in it must adhere to. For instance, in the UK, Sony must adhere to the age discrimination law that was passed recently (Havaldar 2005, p. 273). Conclusion Sony Corporation is an organisation that primarily deals in the manufacture of electronic appliances and is positio n two globally among the electronics manufacturing companies. The company has a team of experts, who are innovative and highly knowledgeable. The company’s prosperity mainly depends on the services of these experts. The operations of Sony are affected by environmental, social, political, and legal factors among others. Recommendation The management of Sony Corporation should consider specialising in only one line of products. The company should withdraw from producing the other products it deals in and stick to electronic appliances. This may enable the company to reap the full benefits of specialisation and labour division. This move may also make it easy for the company to achieve its main goal, which is to dominate the electronics’ manufacturing industry. References Bowhill, B 2008, Business planning and control: integrating accounting, strategy, and people, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Chang, S 2011, Sony vs. Samsung: the inside story of the electronic giant’s battle for global supremacy, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Daft, R 2010, Organisation theory and design, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Flugge, J 2008, Sony-a Japanese company going global standard 2002, GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt. Gaspar, JE 2006, Introduction to business, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, NY. Havaldar, KK 2005, Industrial marketing: text and cases, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. Henry, A 2008, Understanding strategic management, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Hill, CWL Jones, GR 2013, Strategic management theory, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Karami, A 2007, Strategy formulation in entrepreneurial firms, Ashgate, Aldershot. Saleem, S 2010, Business environment, Pearson, New Delhi. This essay on Sony Corporation and Its SWOT and PESTLE Analyses was written and submitted by user Ezra Burch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Elizabethan Era Essays

The Elizabethan Era Essays The Elizabethan Era Essay The Elizabethan Era Essay The Elizabethan Era is named after the greatest Queens of England, Queen Elizabeth I. The era of the first theatres in England, where great writers like William Shakespeare showed their creations. Shakespeare’s work is still important in the English literature and he is one of the most important writers of all time. Nowadays, people still try to understand every detail of his work, which is hard because there is not that much information about the life of Shakespeare. Luckily there are other ways to understand his work, having knowledge about the time in which Shakespeare lived will give a lot of information about his work. That is why knowledge of the Elizabethan Era is fundamental for understanding the works of Shakespeare. Firstly, to understand the work of a writer it is important to get to know that writer. The most important thing is to know in which time they lived and what upbringing they got. A writer does not simply write a story out of nothin g. A writer gets inspiration, and with that inspiration they get started. Writers are heavily influenced by their surroundings, their upbringing and their religion, so that is were a lot of inspirations comes from. Because of Shakespeare’s upbringing, which was in the Reformation, he wrote about themes like redemption and atonement. Especially in some plays he wrote these themes are important. These themes has to do with thing that were important in the time in which Shakespeare lived. Because of this, having knowledge of the Elizabethan Era is fundamental for understanding the works of Shakespeare. Secondly, to understand Shakespeare people need to understand the language in which he writes. Obviously his work is written in English, but language is a living, breathing entity and over 400 years there have been significant changes in the way we write and speak English. In the Elizabethan Era the English language was different from what it is nowadays. Getting to understand that language is one key to success in understanding Shakespeare. Learning more about the Elizabethan Era will also give you more information about the language what was used in that era. Therefore having knowledge of the Elizabethan Era is fundamental for understanding the works of Shakespeare. In conclusion, it is important to have sufficient knowledge of the Elizabethan Era for understanding the works of Shakespeare. Writers are influenced by their surroundings and so the time in which they live. Another important thing to understanding a writer is to understand the language his work is written, the language is, of course, influenced by the time in which it is written. Therefore when people want to understand the work of Shakespeare, it is important for them to have sufficient knowledge of the Elizabethan Era.

Causes of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Causes of the Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crises Introduction Considered to be one of the most serious conflicts between the U.S and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, the Cuban missile crises brought the World a clash of democracy V.S communism with a deadly nuclear outcome. Known to the World as the Cuban Missile crises, to the Russians as the Caribbean Crises and to the Cubans and the October Crises it lasted sixteen days in October. The main characters involved were U.S President John F. Kennedy, Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev and Cuban President Fidel Castro. The sixteen days in October 1962 was the closest time that a full out nuclear war was about to take place Background America USSR Free election No elections or fixed elections Democratic Autocratic / Dictatorship Capitalist Communist ‘Survival of the fittest’ Everybody helps everybody Richest world power Poor economic base Person al freedom Society controlled by the NKVD (secret police) Freedom of the media Total censorship The Cuban missile crises’ origins began at the end of the World War 2. After the war about to end the United States and the USSR started to disagree on the main ideas of how a post war Europe should look like. The American’s main aim of the war was to spread democracy and to spread their company’s economic opportunities into Europe. This was very different to what the USSR wanted, the USSR suffered a lot during the war, and they lost a lot of people and suffered a lot of economic and social problem directly resulting from the war, because of this the USSR main post war thoughts were to protect themselves from other wars that may happen and to spread communism across the globe.   These differences between the two countries were obviously great and were bound to cause tension and problems. Origins of Russian-American Tension Ideological: The United States and the Soviet Union represented two completely different forms of government. In the United States, the government is chosen by free elections. The people have the right to form political parties so that they can voice their political opinions. They also have the right of freedom of speech and freedom of the press. In the Soviet Union, the government is chosen by the Communist Party. The people do not have the right to form their own political parties; they do not enjoy the right freedom of speech and the freedom of the press. Since these two systems of government are completely different to one another, this is bound to cause friction between the United States and the Soviet Union. Economic: The United States wanted to encourage free trade throughout the world. The Soviet Union wanted to close off her itself from international trade. Russia was afraid that trade with the West would open up Russia to western influences which would have ruined the strength of the o ne-party communist regime. These differences led to much bad feeling between the United States and the Soviet Union. Power rivalry: After the Second World War, with the decline of Europe, power was shared between the Soviet Union and the United States. As one superpower wanted to dominate the other, conflicts were to be expected.

Quality Analysis I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality Analysis I - Essay Example Apple is also involved in the marketing of mobile communication and media devices with other peripherals and associated accessories (Lashinsky, 2012). Among the products produced by Apple Inc., the Apple personal computers have been one of the greatest successes that the organization has made in the past. The Apple Smartphones exhibit a number of qualities that put them way ahead of other competing organizations, within the stiff market arena. The qualities of Apple Smartphones that put them ahead in terms of competition from the many smartphone manufacturers include the unique operating software (OS), which has the ability to resist virus attack. Viruses are some of the greatest concerns of many smartphone users today, most especially in reference to data loss, which is one of the greatest problems that majorities of the users face today. Additionally, Apple Smartphones use very unique software that are never used by any other type of computer system, therefore, preventing the problem of software piracy, ideally, one of the greatest currently in the Information Technology industry (Lashinsky, 2012). In conducting a SWOT analysis for Apple Inc., it is clear that the greatest strength contributing to the organization’s success is innovation. Apple Inc. has been able to create unique products, which have brought the market forward, especially in terms of design and competition (Cruikshank, 2006). With products such as the Smartphones and the iPhones, the organization has been able to bring technology to the mainstream, enabling it build a brand name that beats all the rest in the market arena. Despite such great success, Apple Inc. has one great weakness in terms of its pricing. It is substantively clear that the prices of most of Apple’s products are very exploitative, with a majority of critics arguing that the organization only concentrates in gathering immense wealth in cash terms from its customers, without any little concern for theirs economic status

Marketing Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Report - Case Study Example Therefore, the recommendations are made considering the major identified attributes for the business success. The methods used to evaluate the marketing strategies include mystery shopping, which is also referred to as the identification of critical incident practically. Therefore, the direct observations are used for the evaluation of marketing strategy to identify the utilization of key marketing elements The report and analysis is based on the assumption that one time live experience is useful for the generalization of marketing strategy. The limitation is the limited time frame to analyze the marketing strategy using only the experience of Singapore based Popeye chicken restaurant, which is very small part of the international food chain. The report analyzes the marketing strategy of Popeye. The Popeye is an American chain of fast food and the chain was founded in the year 1972. Popeye was initially established in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Popeye is famous with the name of Popeye Louisiana. It is often referred to as Popeye’s Chicken & Biscuits. Another name of Popeye is â€Å"Popeye Chicken and Seafood†. After a span of around 19 years Popeye was acquired by US based chicken company named as AFC Enterprises (Smith, 2006). The Popeye has completed its 2000 franchises in all over the world. During the mid of 2014, Popeye claimed that it has re acquired full control of its seasoning. The major factors that affect the operations of the Popeye business include the quality of food, variety of food, prices and serving time. The two main forces that may affect the firm’s ability to serve its customers are the competitive prices and attractive ambience along with good food. In the marketing language these two forces have the implications that low price may reduce the competitive pressure on the company. Secondly, good ambience along with good food may

Implications for Marketing Organizations Essay Example for Free

Implications for Marketing Organizations Essay Among these, the shift in the nature and growth rates of the world population has perhaps drawn much more attention of the business leaders because demographic variables reflect changes in consumer patterns and behaviors (Martins Brooks 2009) which can impact their business practices. This report will examine the main trends in age structure of the global population and their implications to business strategies of marketing organizations throughout the world. The increase in ageing population is an important trend in many parts of the world, especially in developed countries (Madalina 2010), resulting mainly from the decline of fertility and increase in life expectancies (United Nations, 2011). After World War II, there was a sudden rise in the population which was termed as Baby Boom (Tombs Seamons, 2010). They form an important target group for marketers. However, Tombs and Seamons (2010) pointed out that following the baby boom, the birth rate declined significantly in several nations such as Australia and New Zealand and a low fertility rate has existed since the mid 1970s. According to United Nations (2011), the aged population in the developed world is increasing rapidly and the number of old people will probably have outnumbered the young for the first time by 2050. People now prefer smaller families and this has led to a sharp fall in the birth rate. The improvement in living standards has a contributed to an increase in life expectancies. These factors have caused major changes in market patterns as well as in the type of goods being bought. For example, Gumbel (2008) demonstrated that the generation of Japanese women aged in their twenties who drove the growth in luxury fashion groups in most of the 1990s have mostly settled down to start families and buy apartments. As a result, the sales of luxury goods in Japan have fallen sharply. The age brackets which make up different proportions in the demography as a result of the changing age structure, have influenced the targeted markets and marketing strategy of companies (Tombs Seamons 2010). The authors distinguish 6 different age groups within the Australian population, wherein each one has specific growth rates. The first category consisting of children below the age of five accounted for 6. 2% of the population in 2007. It is a promising market for companies who provide childcare services and children-related products. The population in the second group consisting of 10 to 19 year olds had declined at the beginning of the 1990s, but is gradually rising. This bracket is a targeted market for education, garment products, and entertainment. Post-teenagers and young adults aged 20 34 years constitute the grown-up category which was affected by the low fertility rate during the 1970s, causing its reduction through the 1990s. This group with a high disposable income purchase a variety of technologically advanced electronics along with branded garments. The fourth group of early middle aged people consisted of 13% of Australian population in 2007 and is predicted to increase to 23-25% by 2056 (Chandler 2008, cited by Tomb Seamons 2010). The subsequent category is ‘Late middle age’ (Tomb Seamons 2010, p. 161). Both these segments will have more importance for companies in the coming years as its share of the total population will grow gradually and consume a variety of high-priced luxury products. The last group comprising of senior citizens will also have a positive growth rate during the coming years similar to the two previous groups. These aged people are more interested in health care services, travelling and relaxation as opposed to the younger population which is easily attracted by technological commodities providing a positive social experience, creativity, innovation and uniqueness (Cuddeford 2012). A very important methodology behind television advertisements while targeting the middle aged groups is portraying celebrities in middle aged characters in order to please them by creating a sense of familiarity and thus, affinity (Diaz 2012). This is especially effective when several marketing ploys propagate youth culture. This approach is targeted towards expanding this segment which is attractive not only because of its increasing growth rate as the world population is ageing, but also because their exhibition of a loyalty related to service industry is considerably higher compared to the younger age groups (Paul Patterson 2007).

Computer Crime Essay -- Technology

ABSTRACT Billions of dollars in losses have already been discovered. Billions more have gone undetected. Trillions will be stolen, most without detection, by the emerging master criminal of the twenty-first century--the computer crime offender. Worst of all, anyone who is computer literate can become a computer criminal. He or she is everyman, everywoman, or even every child. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION To first understand computer crime one must understand first what crime is. According to Diana Kendall, "crime is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail or other sanctions" (Kendall 1999; 161). Yet since computer technology is so new it has really no laws to govern it. A law is formal norms that are enforced, norms being established rules of behavior. Many of the crimes committed on computers often times go unpunished. As stated by David Pitch ford in the London journal Focus when writing on pornography on the Internet, " the only way illegal pornographers can be caught is through chance leads, tip-offs and telephone tracing" (Focus 1995; p10-12). Many of the crimes that are also committed on computers via the Internet are very new also. New subcultures have formed around the Internet for the possibilities it brings. Computer crime despite the many problems it has brought has also brought some needed social controls to the Internet and as stated befo re some laws have been formed to protect many of the institutions that because of computer crime have become targets for criminals. CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL REVIEW Now that we have briefly explained computer crime, let's go into further depth into explaining computer crime from the different sociological perspective theories. Many of those th... ...world starts the work as one to control the Internet and those that abuse its power and seek to take what is not theirs. Yet, the technologies are very new and they're very vulnerable, we in going to be in a messy situation for a while. In my view point hacking and computer crime will be with us for as long as we have the Internet. It is our role to keep the balance between what is a crime and what is done for pure enjoyment. Luckily, the government is making an effort to control the Internet. Yet, true control over the Internet is impossible, because the reasons the Internet was created. This is why families and the institution of education of is needed, parents need to let their children know what is okay to do on the computer and what is not and to educate them on the repercussions of their actions should they choose to become part of the subculture of hackers.

Different Types of Workers’ Compensation Plans

The four types of Workers’ Compensation plans are: Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program, Federal Employees’ Compensation Program, Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Program, and the Black Lung Benefits Program. Each of these programs helps serve the employees of these specific groups when they are injured during a workplace accident. Each of these programs provide medical care, cash benefits for lost wages, rehabilitation, and other benefits to those who are injured as a result of an on the job injury. The Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program went into effect on July 31, 2001. It provides benefits to those who have developed cancer or other serious illness due to exposure to radioactive materials while working. The Federal Employees’ Compensation Program provides benefits to employees that are employed by the federal government. The Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Program provides benefits for those employed in the maritime field. The Black Lung Benefits Program provides benefits to those that work in coal mines under the Black Lung Benefits Act. There are also two types of State Workers’ Compensation Plans. Each state has its own Workers’ Compensation plans. Coverage varies from state to state. All the states however, provide two types of Workers’ Compensation benefits. One of the benefits covers the employees’ medical expenses that resulted from an on the job injury. The other benefit compensates the employee for the wages he or she lost during the time he or she was unable to work. They will pay these wages until they are able to return to work. It is necessary to have federal and state compensation plans to make sure the employees are covered. It is against the law to have employees without offering Workers’ Compensation. It is best to have both because each state has different regulations. An employer needs to make sure they are covered 100%.